There can be laughter and connection. I've seen many people without autism displaying a stimming type behaviour. Vocal stimming serves as a coping mechanism to help individuals manage these sensory challenges. Occur in individuals without autism. Jan 10, 2016 · by KA 97 » Sun Jan 10, 2016 11:59 pm. The biggest difference between autistic and non-autistic stimming is the type of stim and the quantity of stimming. It is just much easier to say stimming when describing these activities in Nov 1, 2021 · Conclusions. Stimming is not exclusive to autism and should not be solely associated with the condition. Non-Autistic Repetitive Behaviors. In my own journey of discovering autism in adulthood, understanding non-stereotypical presentations of autism was a crucial first step. Nov 1, 2021 · Conclusions. Apr 27, 2020 · Autistic Speech Patterns – Echolalia, Palilalia, & Verbal Stimming. . Autistic people will have very different experience with masking as well. Autistic people are born autistic and we will be autistic our whole lives. Now, the bolded words in our definition are the causes of stimming in autistic children and adults. Oral stimming behaviors involve the mouth and can include biting, chewing, or licking objects. These are not necessarily symptoms of bipolar disorder. Finger tapping. It is important to recognize that many people engage in self-stimulatory behavior without having autism. They have also spoken out about the importance of their ‘stims. This study describes the links between sensory sensitivities and stimming behaviours among autistic and non-autistic adults. “But all that did was just take away a perfectly good tool that autistic people can use Oct 12, 2022 · Along the way, she has invited her non-autistic friends to discover their own stims and uses the conversation to bridge the gap between the autistic and non-autistic worlds. We sometimes don’t even realise we are doing it. For instance, people with ADHD will tend to stim as a means to improve impulse control and focus; whereas, autistic people will tend to do it to relieve anxiety or sensory overload. as disease, autistic sensory experience is a sensory integration ‘disorder’ (American. , 2020). Both groups can exhibit self-stimulatory behaviors, but the frequency, purpose, and presentation may vary. 1 Just as they may speak a word or phrase over and over again (echolalia), or even just utter the same sound repeatedly, they may flap their hands, flick their fingers, bang their heads, grind their teeth, or endlessly perform other Oct 7, 2020 · The autistic community advocates that stimming behaviour is a self-regulatory coping mechanism, and efforts to control this behaviour could have negative effects for autistic people (Lilley, 2018). Autism is a normal part of life, and makes us who we are. Stimming is also performed by some non-autistic adults. Apr 14, 2015 · They show the situation we are actually experiencing, not the one a non-autistic character or the (assumed) non-autistic reader would experience. It can be simple as rubbing a part of your arm when you’re in a social situation. People with autism may stim to cope with sensory overload, to communicate, to Vocal stimming, also known as vocal self-stimulation, refers to repetitive vocal behaviors exhibited by individuals with autism. ADHD stimming (self-stimulatory behavior) occurs when a person with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder unconsciously repeats certain movements or sounds. This is because the actions we do or sounds we make when stimming, all stimulate our senses in some way. Mar 23, 2023 · Curcumin and quercetin supplements are particularly promising for children who experience stimming*. These behaviors can manifest in various forms, such as physical movements, vocalizations, or seeking/avoiding certain sensory inputs. 😀You and your child can smile again. Reply. But in autistic people, stimming is usually more frequent or recognizable. People often experience physical reactions when they're excited about something, such as their favorite team scoring a homerun at a baseball match. Stimming refers to repetitive, self-stimulating, sensory-seeking behavior commonly seen in Autistic kids and adults. It refers to a range of repetitive movements, sounds, or use of objects/media that autistic people engage in as a way to regulate their sensory and emotional experiences. There's usually a diference between autistic and non autistic stimming though - people In summary, stimming is caused by emotions and tied to regulating them for me, whereas fidgeting is just a thing I always do with my hands for no particular reason. • 2 yr. In the quest to understand stimming, it's essential to differentiate between stimming in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and non-autistic individuals. For example, people with autism and people with OCD may display repetitive behaviors, obsessive behaviors and severe anxiety. ago. People with autism may stim to cope with sensory overload, to communicate, to Jan 9, 2024 · January 31, 2024 January 9, 2024 by Lindsay Leiviska, MAT. Non-Autism. People with autism may stim to cope with sensory overload, to communicate, to Nov 7, 2022 · Examples of stimming might include: Hand flapping. What are your stims?Hey Friends, here's how we can support Jul 10, 2024 · In the context of autism, "stimming" is a term used to describe self-stimulatory behaviors, which are often repetitive in nature. Stimming is one of the diagnostic criteria for autism. (2000) suggest that fidgeting may help with sustaining attention by increasing physiological arousal. — Blair E. When we look beyond the medical model of disability, autism’s semiosis is at home within more inclusive and counter-hegemonic models of cultural and social diversity. Sep 26, 2023 · Purpose: Restricted and repetitive behaviours are a core feature of autism diagnoses but have not been widely studied in adulthood. Jul 17, 2023 · But otherwise, stimming is entirely healthy, and stopping people from stimming altogether is generally considered unnecessary and harmful. A person’s vocal stimming might sound like vocal tics, but these are not the same, however some people with autism have both vocal stims and vocal tics. Olfactory and Gustatory Stimming. "Stimming" refers to self-stimulating behaviors. It is a self-soothing mechanism characterized by the repetition of movements, words, or sounds. For others, it can be a way to self-soothe or cope with stress and anxiety. "Stimming" (rocking, pacing, mumbling, etc. Improves focus and concentration. Nope, because stimming isn't exclusive to autistic people. It is important to recognize that vocal Jul 5, 2024 · For the autistic child, the world is an onslaught of sensory challenges, from the buzz of fluorescent light to the sounds of loud animals. Sixty-three non-autistic adults completed standardised self-report questionnaires which measured: autistic traits, mental health symptoms, and camouflaging behaviours. Hand flapping can present itself as a stimming behavior in many ways, including: Moving fingers vigorously. Repetitive speech. 2) Stimming was a Essentially, autistic stimming helps one cope with feeling anxious, bored, or excited. So Feb 28, 2019 · Autistic people have become increasingly mobilised and vocal in defence of stimming. Stimming in Autism vs. Jul 7, 2023 · The word stimming, or to stim, is a shortened way of saying ‘self-stimulatory behaviour’. For individuals with autism, certain sensory stimuli can be overwhelming, such as loud noises or bright lights. Additional examples of Nov 1, 2021 · Few studies have examined stimming in non-autistic adults. That is the difference between Jun 29, 2024 · Stimming, short for self-stimulatory behavior, refers to the repetitive movements or actions that individuals engage in to regulate their sensory experiences or express their emotions. Jan 4, 2024 · People with ADHD often rely on stims to help pay attention and focus more, whereas people with autism tend to use stims to help cope with too much stimulation or excitement. Autistic people are an important part of the world. This can go on for extended periods as well. Autistic stimming is often engaged when a person is feeling overstimulated by things they cannot Individuals with ASD engage in vocal stimming for a variety of reasons. 2016). Stimming can be a valuable coping mechanism for autistic and non-autistic people alike. “Once (non-autistic) people realize the power of stimming,” Ms. As it is commonly found among children diagnosed with autism, some professionals refer to the behavior as autistic stereopathy or stereotypy. However, I didn’t know I was autistic until I was 29 years old, and when I found out it was actually quite a shock. Autistic individuals often use stimming as a tool to manage strong emotions such as anxiety, anger, fear, and excitement. Another source estimates anywhere from between 60% to 95% of autistic people experience sensory atypicality (Mayer, 2017). Levine found that sitting while fidgeting increased energy May 19, 2023 · Unlike fidgeting, stimming is done for a wide variety of purposes: physiological and neurobiological regulation, as an expression of excitement and joy, as a way to regulate overwhelming sensations/emotions and as a way to direct attention to a desired place. Psychiatric Association 2013) that also, simultaneously May 12, 2021 · May 12. Often characterized by repetitive movements, such as hand flapping or body rocking. In my previous posts, I talked about Oct 26, 2021 · But if your child is gifted and autistic, it can seem like the two are connected. May 12 Autistic Traits vs Autistic Trauma. The person also has less social knowledge that the actions of others may be troublesome. These less common forms of stimming involve the sense of smell and taste, respectively. For some, it can be a way to regulate their sensory experiences, such as blocking out overwhelming sounds or providing a source of auditory stimulation. One primary function of vocal stimming is to regulate sensory input. Apr 10, 2024 · For neurotypical people, stimming can be an activity that happens when one is bored, nervous, or focused. Can mask. Jul 8, 2024 · Emotional Regulation and Stimming. Janae Elisabeth. This is short for self-stimulatory behavior, a clinical term that some autistic people have adopted. Jan 1, 2015 · Reframed on Yergeau’s own terms, stimming is illuminated as a political, aesthetic and metacommunicative act of embodied semiosis. Hair twirling, nail-biting, toe-tapping, and knuckle-cracking are all common stimming examples. Satisfies sensory needs and manages sensory overload. . No, every person stims to a certain extent—a stim is just a repetitive behavior that serves to self-regulate. Examining stereotypical presentations of autism. It may occur, for instance, as the rocking of the whole body back and forth, wiggling, or shaking hands. g. It is a type of repetitive behavior that can occur for short or long durations. Spinning around. Interventions should facilitate true reciprocity that helps non-autistic people understand and respect stimming (Gernsbacher, 2006; Pellicano, 2013). It also says, “Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning. Autism-related tuning isnt necessarily cause to worry. Oct 22, 2021 · Stimming is part of the diagnostic criteria for autism. For most of his life he has done a strange moment that has changed over the years as his range of movement has grown more limited with age/size. “In the past, applied behavior analysis (ABA) was used to try to extinguish stims,” explains Kilduff. In addition, a subset (n=51) completed three tests of executive function measuring inhibition, working memory, and set-shifting. The reasons for stimming can vary depending on the person and environment. Method An online survey examined sensory and stimming experiences of 340 adults (160 with an autism diagnosis, 139 suspected autistic, 41 Using thematic analysis, we identified two themes: stimming as (1) a self-regulatory mechanism and (2) lacking in social acceptance, but can become accepted through understanding. In regards to BFRBs, I'm on ADHD meds and I still have them. “Stim openly in front of your friends, talk to them about Sep 27, 2023 · 'It feels like holding back something you need to say': Autistic and non-autistic adults accounts of sensory experiences and stimming. Skin rubbing. Stimming is a common activity even in non-autistic individuals. — Jenny R. Loss of interests in special interests, executive functioning problems, and low mood are Jul 15, 2022 · Typically, stims can be attributed to one or more of our senses. Stimming is just one way in which neurodivergence a can be visible on the surface. Stimming or self-stimulating behaviour includes arm or hand-flapping, finger-flicking, rocking, jumping, spinning or twirling, head-banging and complex body movements. Finger flicking. Squeezing my joints repetitively, locking my joints. For Autistic people, stimming can happen much more often and in various circumstances. Autistic adults highlighted the importance of stimming as an adaptive mechanism that helps them to soothe or communicate intense emotions or thoughts and thus Aug 25, 2021 · Key points. While people with autism and those with OCD tend to engage in repetitive behaviors, the motivations behind the behaviors differ between the two groups. It's also a bit linked to ADD and ADHD so if you have either of those then that could account for the stimming. While stimming can be seen in both autistic and non-autistic individuals, there are some differences in the frequency and intensity of stimming behaviors. Within the medicalized semiotic domain of autism. It’s because stimming in autistic people can get out of control and cause problems. Typically associated with autism spectrum disorder. May 21, 2024 · Stimming is a natural and healthy way for humans to regulate their emotions and sensory experiences. It is a normal behavior that individuals may engage in to feel grounded in the moment, regulate 5 days ago · Of all the stimming behaviors, hand flapping is perhaps one that is most noticeable in children with autism. ) is common with autistic people and is a tool for self-calming. Feb 13, 2024 · Autism-related stimming behaviours tend to involve repetitive motor movements like hand-flapping, finger-snapping, object-spinning, or whole-body rocking. The behaviours are generally non-goal-directed, occurring both voluntarily and unconsciously. Dec 7, 2020 · Stimming behaviors often begin by age 3 and frequently occur when a child is engrossed in an activity or is excited, stressed or bored. Humming. It is a common behavior observed in both autistic and non-autistic individuals. For instance, a person with autism may engage in repetitive hand Feb 28, 2019 · Autistic people have become increasingly mobilised and vocal in defence of stimming. Prefabrication: The use of repeated phrases and scripts helps to communicate when Autism is a developmental disability that affects how we experience the world around us. high Aug 25, 2021 · Key points. Vestibular stimming can be a result of either hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory input, leading to behaviors such as rocking, spinning, or swaying. Some examples of stimming are rocking, hand flapping, head banging, stroking a piece of cloth; all can serve as a calming Mar 23, 2023 · The general consensus among Autistic people then is that stimming is a positive behavior that promotes calm, comfort, organization of thoughts, attention, and getting rid of excess energy. Many autistic and neurodivergent people engage in stims to cope with or express emotions (e. Their stim increases when they have to deal with high level of noise, heat or intense light. It comforts me and it actually prevents me from doing other stimming Communication: Stimming behaviors can be a form of non-verbal communication for individuals with autism, conveying specific messages or needs to others around them. These stim behaviors are often very disruptive across a variety of settings. Jan 31, 2020 · A subset of repetitive movements such as twirling, hand-flapping or vocalizations are sometimes called ‘stimming. Transcript. Autism rights or neurodiversity activists believe that stims may serve as coping mechanisms, thus opposing attempts to eliminate non-injurious forms of stimming (e. i have a lot of happy stims like flapping my hands, but some stims for negative feelings too, and some neutral stims. One of the primary functions of stimming is emotional regulation. Remember stimming is a type of self soothing behavior. Rocking side to side. Jun 18, 2024 · Stim without fear. Steps to take if you suspect you might be Autistic. So, most autistic people experience Feb 28, 2019 · 70) and help bridge the difficulties autistic and non-autistic people share in understanding one another, which Milton (2012) terms the ‘double empathy problem’. Stimming in Autism Results: Autistic (diagnosed and suspected) individuals reported greater sensory sensitivity and more stimming than non-autistic adults. These behaviors often serve as coping mechanisms that Jan 21, 2024 · Stimming behaviors in individuals with autism play a significant role in helping them manage their sensory experiences and emotional responses. It is important to note that stimming behaviors should not be viewed as inherently negative or problematic. It includes the repetitive use of an object, such as flicking a rubber band or twirling a piece of string, or repetitive activities involving the senses (such as Jul 12, 2024 · Autism is usually detected earlier in life than ADHD. 2021;89:101864. Stimming encompasses many stimuli: visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, etc. However, some current theories may help explain this phenomenon. Anyone can stim, its the action not the disorder. People who stim without being on the autism spectrum tend to engage in less intense forms of stimming compared to those with autism. Behaviors resulting from stimming in autism Jul 19, 2023 · Reasons autistic children use echolalia in speech patterns include: Self-stimulation: Often called "stimming," this use of echolalia speech patterns is meant as a calming strategy. Vocal stimming is common in kids and teens with autism who are non-verbal, preverbal, or minimally verbal. 'Stimming' is a term that originates from the longer form 'self-stimulatory behavior'. • 6 mo. I started meds when I was a child, so I don't know if the meds helped reduce them. Emotional Regulation: Stimming can also help individuals with autism regulate their emotions. Just cuz you don’t recognize a behavior you do as a stim doesn’t mean it’s not a stim or functioning as a stim. Tactile stimming, rubbing the insides of my fingers. Soothes anxiety and relieves stress. Everyone stims sometimes: tapping a foot, bouncing a leg, fiddling with a pen, and so on. Some people often eat for the stimulation from crunching, chewing or sucking. Dec 13, 2023 · Engaging in repetitive movements or sounds can provide a way to modulate sensory input and maintain a level of comfort. Simon and Ezra are Autistic, and they stim. Apr 30, 2023 · Vocal stimming serves various functions for individuals who engage in it. Some children might suck on non-food items or their fingers to receive sensory input through their oral pathways. this can be helping process emotions, sensory stimuli, etc. Meltdowns. stimming is generally a thing that helps autistic people process things. These behaviors can vary greatly from person to person but often involve actions like hand/arm flapping, finger flicking, rocking back and forth, or tapping objects. Jul 8, 2024 · Stimming in Autism vs. vendettamoon. Children with ADHD may be easily distracted, have a difficult time paying attention in an academic setting, lose their belongings, and have problems focusing. Stimming can also refer to repetitive actions that are common among people without autism, such as jiggling a foot, biting fingernails All audiences. Sep 16, 2021 · According to one study, sensory atypicality is the primary reason for stimming because stimming is what is used to regulate the effects of sensory atypicality (Dellapiazza et al. Hi everybody. Trying to manage emotions - Attempting to take control of the emotions that are felt can lead to stimming. In contrast, ADHD diagnosis does not explicitly involve these behaviours. JackDaSnacc. Stimming—which is more formally discussed in scientific circles as self-stimulation or stereotypic, repetitive behavior—can be We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. “Pressure stimming. My name is Christa Holmans and I’m the Neurodivergent Rebel, and I am also an autistic adult. 1) Sensory sensitivity had negative physical, emotional and cognitive effects on individuals. This is a humanizing portrayal of autism: It recognizes that we have internal experiences and motivations and responses. Avoidance of eye contact. May 15, 2019 · Stimming can help a person with ASD deal with sensory overload, and anxiety in a postive way. 19. These behaviors can manifest in various forms, including making repetitive sounds, humming, repeating words or phrases, and vocalizing specific tones or pitches. ’. doi Hi, I have a 27 year old autistic son, he also has severe learning disability, quadriplegic cerebral palsy and is non verbal. 6. This study examined the rates of and associations between repetitive behaviours and sensory sensitivity in autistic and non-autistic adults; and whether repetitive behaviours described as "stimming" impacted coping with difficulties (self-efficacy). Non-Autistic Individuals. Tics are the action, not the disorder, so it shouldn't be offensive, its the actual name of the thing. Autism can be diagnosed by a doctor, but you Stimming is the short version of self-stimulation or self-stimulatory behavior. Stimming (self-stimulatory behaviour) is something that autistic people do, to channel and manage excess energy and to self soothe. Stimming can help regulate what they are experiencing. The Autism stims, short for self-stimulating behaviors, encompass a wide range of repetitive actions that individuals with autism engage in. That’s not because stimming is always related to autism. 14 15 So then in an environment like a school, at home, or in public where there may be a lot of sensory stimulation that can then cause increasing stress Aug 25, 2021 · Key points. May 2, 2022 · The person with autism doesn't need to be verbal (able to speak) to have vocal stims. May 30, 2024 · In non-autistic adults, stimming can serve as a way to cope with overwhelming situations, excessive sensory inputs, or uncontrolled emotions and thoughts. Stimming can take various forms, including hand flapping, rocking back and forth May 17, 2024 · Management. It refers to repetitive or ritualistic behaviors that individuals with autism often engage in. Those in the autistic community describe stimming as, An adaptive mechanism that helps them to soothe or communicate intense emotions or thoughts. And that’s why, when I found out I Apr 25, 2024 · Definition of Stimming. Some kids might engage in stimming by rocking their bodies, hand flapping, or by making loud vocalizations. An estimated 44% of people with autism report some type of stimming action. Some autism stimming examples fall under the following senses: Visual ; Visual stims include repetitive actions involving the eyes or eyesight. Apr 2, 2007 · Date First Published: April 2, 2007 Date Last Updated: October 30, 2008. No because its the action. Some examples include humming, pacing, teeth grinding, and rocking, though there are many others. Autistic Traits (innate characteristics of autistic individuals) Hyper-sensitivity (beyond the typical population) Stimming, using movement to regulate. Its like tics. A very good blog post from The Mighty explains in detail what those with ASD experience when stimming and why they need to do it. The repetition helps an autistic child cope with overwhelming sensory challenges. Someone to Sue people. Thematic analysis produced three themes. Stimming is something, you know, like I said, all autistic people have a very different experience of it. As autistic children navigate space and balance May 22, 2023 · Non-stereotypical presentations of autism and how they differ from the traditional paradigm. V. com Stimming. Stimming can take very different forms. For parents of autistic children, there are few symptoms that can cause as much day-to-day concern as stimming. A humanizing portrayal of autism can require thinking (sometimes pretty hard Feb 6, 2022 · Stimming can be more evident in individuals with autism. Autism has always existed. Rocking back and forth is a stereotypical stim, but so is listening to a song on loop or jumping up and down over and over when you're excited or tapping your foot when you're full of anxious energy. See full list on verywellhealth. Apr 23, 2020 · So I know you’re interested and I will jump on a revamp of the topic of autistic masking. Stimming and autism Young autistic boy stimming with cold water in the kitchen sink. Orsini & Smith, 2010). Can include a wide range of behaviors, such as nail biting, hair twirling, or pen clicking. Stimming behaviors in individuals with ASD may include hand flapping, rocking, spinning themselves or objects, pacing, and jumping. Autism can be recognized before a child reaches 3 years of age, while ADHD is diagnosed at an older age. Sep 21, 2023 · While hand flapping may seem unusual to non-autistic people, the act of stimming has many benefits for autistic individuals: Helps regulate emotions and prevent emotional outbursts or meltdowns. Levine et al. ”. Many individuals on the autism spectrum exhibit some form of repetitive motor behavior. Some autistic people don’t or can’t mask. Nagel writes, “they often start to do it themselves and can find the benefits from the emotional Jan 31, 2017 · Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and OCD are two different conditions, however, it is true that some symptoms of autism overlap with those of other disorders, such as OCD, and can look similar (Højgaard et al. Stimming helps in dealing with such high emotional onslaught autistic people feel on their mind. Spinning in circles is one of the most common symptoms that allows these children to engage their vestibular system, aiding in spatial orientation and balance. Many autistic people also find comfort in stimming, or repeating certain movements or noises to regulate themselves. As for fidgeting, it may be done to help people get a mental break. Sensory lighting can benefit those who experience visual stimming, as the changing colors can be mesmerizing. May 2, 2024 · Autistic people are likely to have support needs with communication, sensory over- or under-sensitivity, and executive functioning. If you are a parent of an autistic child, I want you to know - there is hope. perseveration, an intense focus on one topic. If it has been present consistently for a long Sep 20, 2023 · This causes brief pleasure at the sensation of pain, so to speak. Avoidance of sensory-averse experiences. It can include things like body movements, making vocal noises or engaging in other stimulation of the senses. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders . some people stim in response to good stimuli, some to bad, and some to all. Kids with higher language abilities might script lines from movies, build the same Lego structures over and over, or Jun 15, 2022 · Autistic people have become increasingly mobilised and vocal in defence of stimming. Both giftedness and autism share traits like: idealism. As long as the behavior is not dangerous or excessively disruptive, letting it run its course is usually the Sep 9, 2020 · It really helps me focus on what’s going on around me. Vocal stimming serves as a way for individuals with Oct 11, 2023 · Stimming is a sensory tool many autistic (and non-autistic) people use to help regulate when they are overstimulated emotionally or sensorily. It may serve as a coping mechanism to manage anxiety, stress, or overwhelming emotions. 2. Mar 26, 2023 · Stimming helps with self-regulation in stressful situations and environments for Autistic people. Research exploring stimming from the autistic perspective supports this position and suggests these behaviours are actually incredibly beneficial. Mar 20, 2024 · Oral Stimming. Stimming serves a variety of purposes, including regulating emotions, providing sensory input, and expressing oneself. Dec 28, 2023 · Autistic burnout is a term for the effects of overwhelm over a longer period for neurodivergent people. Apr 28, 2023 · Autism is a complex neurobehavioral condition that includes impairment in social interaction, developmental language, and communication skills, sensory processing combined with rigid, repetitive behaviours. Autistic adults describe the positive effects of stimming and the negative effect of social pressure to suppress stims, this challenges the prevailing view (largely from studies in childhood) that stimming is a negative behaviour. “Hold my service dog and nod my head on her fur. Autism causes a lot of anxiety, fear, anger and other strong emotions in people, since they have high levels of sensory inputs in comparison to ordinary people. It helps them calm down and focus their attention, thus acting as a coping mechanism. Researchers are still working to understand the various causes of Autistic stimming. seabreezeblue wrote: Absolutely. Stimming movements or vocal noises are often – but not always – repetitive. Stimming behavior is almost always present in autistic people but does not, on its own, necessarily indicate the diagnosis. Jan 30, 2024 · The DSM-5 includes stimming as part of the diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder: “Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech. , anxiety, fear, boredom, or excitement) or for self-regulation and sensory input. eg jv bz fd mx ep gn yo tl fv